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Antifreeze is a coolant containing special additives, primarily used in liquid-cooled engine cooling systems. It possesses excellent properties such as preventing freezing in winter, preventing boiling in summer, preventing scale buildup year-round, and preventing corrosion.

Chemical Composition

Currently, over 95% of antifreeze used domestically and internationally is water-based antifreeze made of ethylene glycol. Compared to tap water, ethylene glycol's most significant advantage is its antifreeze properties, while water does not. Secondly, ethylene glycol has a high boiling point, low volatility, moderate viscosity with minimal temperature change, and good thermal stability. Therefore, ethylene glycol-based antifreeze is an ideal coolant.

Types of Antifreeze

There are many types of automotive antifreeze, including inorganic substances like calcium chloride (CaCl2), organic substances like methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (C2H5OH, commonly known as alcohol), ethylene glycol (C2H4(OH)2, commonly known as glycerol), glycerol (C3H5(OH)3, commonly known as glycerin), lubricating oil, and common household items like sugar and honey. These can all be used as base solutions for antifreeze. Adding an appropriate amount of pure soft water (water containing little or no calcium and magnesium ions, such as distilled water, unpolluted rainwater, or snowmelt, with a total hardness concentration between 0-30 ppm) creates a general-purpose antifreeze.

Methanol and ethanol are highly volatile and unsuitable for vehicles in northern regions.

Functions of Antifreeze

Besides antifreeze, antifreeze also has the following advantages:

Anti-corrosion function: Engines and their cooling systems are made of metals, including copper, iron, aluminum, steel, and solder. These metals will corrode and rust over time when in contact with water at high temperatures. Antifreeze, however, not only does not corrode the engine cooling system, but also has anti-corrosion and rust-removing functions.

Protective Functions:

1. Provides corrosion protection for cooling system components.

2. Prevents scale buildup, avoiding reduced radiator cooling efficiency.

3. Ensures the engine operates within its normal temperature range.