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Physical Properties

1. Appearance: Colorless, transparent liquid with a pungent odor.

2. Melting point (°C): -97.8

3. Boiling point (°C): 64.7

4. Relative density (water=1): 0.79

5. Relative vapor density (air=1): 1.1

6. Saturated vapor pressure (kPa): 12.3 (20°C)

7. Heat of combustion (kJ/mol): 723

8. Critical temperature (°C): 240

9. Critical pressure (MPa): 7.95

10. Octanol/water partition coefficient: -0.82~-0.77

11. Flash point (°C): 8 (CC); 12.2 (OC)

12. Autoignition temperature (°C): 436

13. Upper explosive limit (%): 36.5

14. Lower explosive limit (%): 6

15. Solubility: Miscible with water, miscible with most organic solvents such as alcohols and ethers.

16. Refractive index (N/D, 20℃): 1.3284

17. Viscosity (mPa·s, 25℃): 0.5525

18. Heat of vaporization (KJ/mol, b.p.): 35.32

19. Heat of fusion (KJ/kg): 98.81

20. Specific heat capacity: KJ/(kg·K), 20℃, isobaric: 2.51

21. Boiling point rise constant: 0.785

22. Electrical conductivity (S/m, 25℃): 1.5×10⁻⁹

23. Thermal conductivity (W/(m·K)) 21.3527

24. Coefficient of volume expansion (K, 20℃): 0.00119

25. Critical density (g/cm³): 0.273

26. Critical volume (cm³/mol): 117

27. Critical compressibility factor: 0.223

28. Eccentricity factor: 0.566

29. Lennard-Jones parameters: 3.8632 (A); 419.86 (K)

30. Solubility parameter (J/cm³): 29.532

31. van der Waals volume (cm/mol): 21.710

32. Standard heat of combustion in the gas phase (enthalpy) (kJ/mol): 764.9

33. Standard heat of formation in the gas phase (enthalpy) (kJ/mol): -201.5

34. Standard entropy in the gas phase (J·mol⁻¹/K): 239.88

35. Standard free energy of formation in the gas phase (kJ/mol): -161.6

36. Standard fusion temperature in the gas phase (J·mol⁻¹/K): 44.06

37. Standard heat of combustion in the liquid phase (enthalpy) (kJ/mol): -726.9

38. Standard heat of formation in the liquid phase (enthalpy) (kJ/mol): -239.1

39. Standard entropy in the liquid phase (J·mol⁻¹/K): 127.24

40. Standard free energy of formation in the liquid phase (kJ/mol): -239.1 kJ/mol): -166.88

41. Liquid-phase standard hot melt (J·mol-1/K): 81.4 [1]

Application areas

1. One of the basic organic raw materials, used to manufacture various organic products such as chloromethane, methylamine and dimethyl sulfate. It is also a raw material for pesticides (insecticides, acaricides), pharmaceuticals (sulfonamides, streptomycin, etc.), and one of the raw materials for the synthesis of dimethyl terephthalate, methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate.

2. The main application area of ​​methanol is the production of formaldehyde. Formaldehyde can be used to produce adhesives, mainly used in the wood processing industry, and secondly as a treatment agent for molding compounds, coatings, textiles and paper.

3. Another major use of methanol is the production of acetic acid. Acetic acid consumption accounts for about 7% of global methanol demand. It can be used to produce vinyl acetate, cellulose acetate and acetate esters, etc., and its demand is closely related to the demand for coatings, adhesives and textiles. 4. Methanol can be used to manufacture methyl formate, which is used in the production of formic acid, formamide, and other fine chemical products. It is also used as an insecticide, fungicide, fumigant, tobacco treatment agent, and gasoline additive.

5. Methanol can also be used to manufacture methylamine, an important aliphatic amine. Using liquid nitrogen and methanol as raw materials, it can be processed into monomethylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine, and is one of the basic chemical raw materials.

6. Methanol can be synthesized into dimethyl carbonate, an environmentally friendly product used in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and specialty industries.

7. Methanol can be synthesized into ethylene glycol, a petrochemical intermediate, used in the production of polyesters and antifreeze.

8. Methanol can be used to manufacture growth promoters. These can significantly increase crop yields, keep branches and leaves fresh and vigorous, prevent wilting in summer, and greatly reduce irrigation water use, thus benefiting the growth of crops in dryland areas.

9. Methanol can be synthesized into methanol protein. Methanol protein produced by microbial fermentation using methanol as raw material is called second-generation single-cell protein. Compared with natural protein, it has higher nutritional value, with a crude protein content much higher than fish meal and soybeans. It also contains abundant amino acids, minerals, and vitamins, and can replace fish meal, soybeans, bone meal, meat, and skim milk powder. [6]

10. Methanol is used as a cleaning and degreasing agent. MOS grade is mainly used for discrete devices, medium and large-scale integrated circuits, and BV-III grade is mainly used for ultra-large-scale integrated circuit process technology.

11. It is used as an analytical reagent, such as a solvent, methylation reagent, and chromatographic analysis reagent. It is also used in organic synthesis.

12. Methanol is generally a better solvent than ethanol and can dissolve many inorganic salts. It can also be blended into gasoline as an alternative fuel. Since the 1980s, methanol has been used to produce gasoline octane additive methyl tert-butyl ether, methanol gasoline, methanol fuel, and methanol protein, which has promoted the development of methanol production and market demand.

13. Methanol is not only an important chemical raw material, but also a high-performance energy source and vehicle fuel. Methanol reacts with isobutylene to produce MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether), a high-octane unleaded gasoline additive and also used as a solvent. In addition, it can be used to produce olefins and propylene, addressing resource shortages.

14. Methanol can be used to produce dimethyl ether (DME). DME has wide applications in daily chemical products, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes, and coatings, and also possesses advantages such as ease of use, high cetane number, good power performance, low pollution, easy pressurization into a liquid, and easy storage. A new type of liquid fuel, formed by blending methanol and DME in a certain proportion, is called alcohol-ether fuel. Its combustion efficiency and thermal efficiency are higher than those of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).